Proto-Indo European is the reconstructed language of the Proto-Indo Europeans, previously known as the Aryans.
Despite the fact that there are no fully fluent speakers of the language, if you are familiar with the grammar of one or two of the following languages, you should be able to read and write this Wiki easily if you have a dictionary of PIE:
- Latin
- Sanskrit
- Old Church Slavonic
- Hittite
- Proto-Celtic
- Proto-Slavic
- Ancient Greek
- Proto-Italic
- Proto-Germanic
Languages in bold are considered the closest languages to PIE.
Contents
Verbs
In the present tense, these are the conjugations for verbs (use either Buck or Beekes):
| Buck 1933 | Beekes 1995 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Athematic | Thematic | Athematic | Thematic | ||
| Singular | 1st | -mi | -ō | -mi | -oH |
| 2nd | -si | -esi | -si | -eh₁i | |
| 3rd | -ti | -eti | -ti | -e | |
| Plural | 1st | -mos/mes | -omos/omes | -mes | -omom |
| 2nd | -te | -ete | -th₁e | -eth₁e | |
| 3rd | -nti | -onti | -nti | -o | |
We acknowledge that a third conjugation may have existed, but we shall not use it to help simplify this encyclopædia.
We have beem unable to reconstruct verb moods and tenses in PIE in a reliable way. Therefore, we ask you to acknowledge the following rules:
- The imperative mood must be wrote in the same way as the infinitive.
- The subjunctive, opative and indicative moods are the same.
- Add fa(n)- to the front of a verb to indicate the future.
- Add pa(n)- to the front of a verb to indicate the past.
- No aorist tense is used.
- Adding per and imp after the verb creates the perfective and imperfective moods respectivley.
- Adding the word con before the verb creates the conditional.
We accept that PIE did not work like this, but it is the best which we can do.
Nouns
These are the noun declensions (please do not use any other systems):
| Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Animate | Neuter | Animate | Neuter | Animate | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -s, -Ø | -m, -Ø | -h₁(e) | -ih₁ | -es | -h₂, -Ø |
| Accusative | -m | -m, -Ø | -ih₁ | -ih₁ | -ns | -h₂, -Ø |
| Vocative | -Ø | -m, -Ø | -h₁(e) | -ih₁ | -es | -h₂, -Ø |
| Genitive | *-(o)s | *-h₁e | *-om | |||
| Dative | -(e)i | -me | -mus | |||
| Instrumental | -(e)h₁ | *-bʰih₁ | -bʰi | |||
| Ablative | -(o)s | -ios}} | -ios | |||
| Locative | -i, -Ø | -h₁ou | -su | |||
Please ignore vowel changes (for simplicity reasons).
Word Order
If word order is obvious (due to inflictions &.c.), word order does not matter. Otherwise, SOV.
Copulas
There are many PIE copulas. Please only use this one:
Person Singular Plural
1st h1és-mi h1s-més
2nd h1és-si* h1s-th1é
3rd h1és-ti h1s-énti
Asterix: Often reduced to: h1ési
Style
- Proper nouns from the modern era are only conjugated in the gentitve and accusative case.